¹⁄72

Grumman's Greyhound

History

The Northrop-Grumman C-2A Greyhound is the US Navy’s only carrier-onboard-delivery (COD) aircraft, used to transport high-priority equipment and personnel. The C-2 is derived from the E-2 Hawkeye. The first flight of the prototype took place on November 18th 1964, and the delivery of the serial planes started in 1966. The original C-2A aircraft were overhauled, and their operational life extended in 1973. In 1984, a contract was awarded for 39 new C-2A aircraft to replace the earlier airframes. Dubbed the Reprocured C-2A due to the similarity to the original, the new aircraft include substantial improvements in airframe and avionic systems. All the older C-2As were phased out in 1987, and the last of the new models were delivered in 1990.

In the transport capability it carries high priority cargo such as special stores, jet engine components, and afterburners and up to 28 passengers for carrier-onboard-delivery. It has the largest cargo payload of any COD aircraft. Litter patients can also be accommodated. The maximum weight for payload and route support equipment combined is 10,000 lbs. Cargo tie-down is facilitated by a cargo system that restrains the cargo from the catapulting and arresting loads encountered during carrier operations. The large ramp/door and powered winch facilitate fast turnaround time by straight-in rear cargo loading and unloading.

The C2A has a wide range of communications and radio navigation equipment and is capable with both military and civil airways on a worldwide basis. Communication equipment includes HF, VHF, and UHD; radio navigation aids include GPS, TACAN, dual VOR, UHF/DF, weather radar, Doppler radar, and two carrier approach systems. It carries a crew of four, a pilot, and Co-pilot, Crew chief and Loadmaster/Second crewman. Greyhounds with upgraded communications, navigation, instrumentation packages, and a Critical Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) will provide cost effective, carrier-on-board delivery for the next 20 years.

The US 6th fleet aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean often brought in several C-2A Greyhound COD aircraft to Luqa airfield in Malta. These are on routine resupply missions. In the mid 60s the US Navy COD aircraft was the C-1A Trader. In due course the Greyhound took over from the Trader and this increased the COD capability, capacity and efficiency and it will continue to provide the backbone of the US Navy COD aircraft fleet for many years to come. These are currently flown by the west coast squadron VRC-30 and by the east coast VRC-40. In Europe there is VR-24 based in Spain. Other detachments are at Iwakuni, Japan besides other bases in SE Asia.

The model

I started to get interested in the Greyhound, from the scale modelling point of view, when several of these aircraft started to appear at Luqa airfield circa end of November 1989. These were all attached to the Fleet Squadron VR-24 normally based at Rota, Spain. They also called from other bases as Sigonella in Sicily and from carriers attached to the 6th fleet. The occasion was the Summit between the East and West that was held in Malta between the then President George Bush senior and President Gorbachev then President of the Soviet Union. At one time there were no less than four C-2Aa Greyhounds parked at the dispersal area close to the control tower. Some were flown in by female pilots and shuttled to and from the carrier stationed off Malta. This was also an opportunity to take close-up pictures of the aircraft during flight, landings etc.

During the time when I built my model of the Greyhound there was no kit readily available of the type to a scale of 1/72. In due course there was a vacform conversion kit by Falcon of New Zealand. This would merge the rest of parts from a Fujimi Hawkeye kit and later release Heller, which were to appear in shops years later.

My first step was to get an accurate set of scale plans. It so happened that an issue of Aviation News Vol 8 No 23 contained the Warpaint section featuring the Hawkeye and the Greyhound. This was a good start however these plans still required to be updated or revised as the production Greyhound had some variations made to it that mainly concentrated at the rear upper fuselage in way of tail planes. The drawing was modified accordingly and I could start planning to build my kit. This involved building the items from scratch. The kit basically having a fuselage curved from pine while the rest of the parts I made out of castings in aluminium using the loose hand moulding foundry technique. I have already developed this technique previous to this occasion when I made patterns and castings to produce belly radomes for the Skyraider, Avenger and Gannet AEW, besides other conversion parts.

Loose hand moulding involves bench moulding to produce the one off items required. This is a simple technique consisting of producing a two part mould, cope and drag half, and pour a suitable alloy to fill the mould cavity which in the end form the casting required. One can use a split pattern or a solid pattern. In my case I used solid patterns where I had to use a dummy mould so that I can embed half the pattern in the sand and start to mould the drag mould. Sufficient parting powder (Separit 77) is swapped over the pattern and a synthetic type of oil-based sand with fine grain size was used as facing sand. The type used had a trade name, ‘Petrobond’. This was backed with clay bonded floor sand and rammed sufficiently to promote good green strength in the mould and at the same time retain sufficient permeability to the mould for egress of gas generated during pouring of liquid metal. The mould is turned over and the cope is moulded in same way as the drag mould with a difference that the cope also contains the down-gate and in-gates running system. The two-part mould is then opened and the pattern gently withdrawn to leave a clean mould, fee from loose sand or dirt which if left will cause inclusions and other surface defects. The mould is then closed and secured by weight. The alloy that I used was aluminum LM6 BS1490.which contains 11-13% silicon content giving the advantage of good fluidity in view of thin sections such as the main planes and tail planes, propellers etc. metal was melted in a pit crucible furnace. The aluminium was cast at a temperature of 723 degrees Celsius after degassing with sodium fluoride powder. The cast components were allowed to cool, cleaned from sand, and checked for any surface defects that may be present. The runners were cut and the component given the final shape with a smooth file. In this way I produced all the necessary items to assemble an accurate Greyhound.

The fuselage was built up from flat layers of pine in laminated construction. In building it in this manner this allowed me to curve the interior crew space. The pine layers were glued together and given the final shape to the outside with careful curving and checking with template sections. I also produced a wooden mould to form the canopy from clear acetate. The wooden fuselage was given two coats of sanding sealer with smoothing in between and in the end, until finally a glossy finish is achieved. Other cast items as the engine nacelle air intakes were drilled open; props were gently thinned down by filing etc. The fuselage to wings was joined using quick drying araldite. Upon drying and checked for correct alignment the assembly was further strengthened using super glue. Smooth finish at joining areas were obtained by shallow layers of filler and in doing so avoided shallow sinking of the filler itself. The engine nacelles and wing parts were also joined together using super glue. The Undercarriage was scratch built from stretch sprue and surplus bits and a set of wheels of the correct size came from the spares box.

The cockpit office was then detailed and inserting two crew seats and figures, a control column, and instrument console. I often add the crew for the simple reason that they give an indication to the scale of the aircraft itself. The Perspex canopy already trimmed to size was then fitted with white glue. When it set firmly, I hand painted the window frames in white and masked the clear windows with Maskol. Various antennae, drainpipes, and intakes were fashioned from scrap plastic pieces and added to the model. The fuselage portholes were formed with Kristal Kleer.

Colour and Markings.

The completed model was given an overall good base coat of matte white. The upper surfaces were airbrushed in semi matte white and the rest of the model in light gull grey FS36440 using Compucolor paints. This includes fuselage, to of wings, and vertical tail surfaces. Ailerons, elevators, and much of the fuselage upper were painted white. The wheel wells and undercarriage oleo were also painted white with details in silver. Interior of wheel doors was white and had a red periphery.

The legend: United States Navy, which appears on lower fuselage, and the star and bars of different size were obtained from two decal sheets by Microdecals. Lettering and number figures came from AeroMaster decal sheets 72-011 and -011b. Dark gull grey walkways were cut from micro decal colour sheet while the US flag and other stencil came from the spares decal box. The black long trim that runs the length of the fuselage was also micro decal strip. Finally the two propellers were painted matte black and the tips having stripes in alternate red and white. These were the last items to go on the model. The Greyhound was completed as JM2172 / 26 which I captured with my camera during the end of November 1989 and which belonged to the USN squadron VR-24. The completed model was given a final overall coat of semi gloss Model Master lacquer and areas in way of exhaust and weathering made from a mix of varnish with a few drops of Compucolor engine grey.

Conclusion

This was a long but enjoyable process to complete, and in doing so added yet another fully scratch built model to my collection. I often wondered why the mainstream kit manufacturers never considered this aircraft along with several others that saw operational service. Nevertheless, why wait for manufacturers to issue the kit and not do as the saying goes: where there is a will there is a way. There has since been an injected model of the C2A Greyhound released, but to a scale of 1/48.